![]() These typically feature either a large sample size but at low time resolution (e.g., the RBSA study with 100 homes at the standard 15 minute resolution 29) or a small sample size at high time resolution (e.g., the REDD study with 10 homes at 1-second or higher time resolution 10). To place MFRED into context, we note that for US single family homes (detached or attached dwellings) a number of publicly available datasets on electricity use already exist. ![]() MFRED features 10-second resolution real and reactive power in 390 apartments, ranging in size from studios to four bedrooms. Here, we present the Multifamily Residential Electricity Dataset, henceforth MFRED (Data Citation 1). Understanding residents’ electricity use has many interrelated research applications, including: (i) determining the potential for energy conservation through resident feedback 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (ii) non-intrusive monitoring (NILM) of appliance-level loads via disaggregation 9, 10, 11 (iii) predicting building electricity use 12, 13, 14, including with agent-based models 15, 16, 17 (iv) leveraging a building’s thermal characteristics to optimize its electricity profile used for heating and cooling 18, 19 (v) switching heating systems from fossil fuels to electricity, e.g., via heat pumps 20 (vi) assessing the techno-economic feasibility for distributed electric storage to facilitate integration of intermittent renewables on the grid 21, 22, 23, including electric vehicles 24, 25 (vii) quantifying phantom loads, e.g., from electronics in standby mode 11 (viii) detecting occupancy patterns 26 and (ix) novel market mechanisms and associated technology solutions to enhance the integration from buildings into smart grids 27, e.g., for applications in Transactive Energy Networks 28. Globally, electricity consumption is expected to grow, however with increasing portions generated by renewables sources such as solar and wind 3. In the United States, the residential building sector in 2017 consumed 32% of all electricity 1, an amount responsible for 9% of all domestic GHG emissions 2. Considering its large number of apartments, high time resolution, real and reactive power, and 12-month duration, MFRED is currently unique for the multifamily-sector.Įlectricity consumption in buildings is a major component of global energy use and its environmental impacts, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. ![]() The annual average real power per apartment is 343 W (3.27 W/m 2 of floor area), with strong variation between seasons and apartment size. MFRED includes real and reactive power, at 10-second resolution, for January to December 2019 (246 million data points). To adhere to privacy guidelines, data were averaged across 15 apartments each, based on annual electricity use. ![]() All apartments are located in the Northeastern United States (IECC-climate-zone 4 A), but differ in their heating/cooling system and construction year (early to late 20 th century). The dataset presented here, Multifamily Residential Electricity Dataset (MFRED), contains the electricity use of 390 apartments, ranging from studios to four-bedroom units. Detailed data on residential electricity use have many interrelated research applications, from energy conservation to non-intrusive load monitoring, energy storage, integration of renewables, and electric vs. Building electricity is a major component of global energy use and its environmental impacts.
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